OVERVIEW
How direct-to- consumer advertising, corporate malfeasance, and conflicts of interest at the FDA have given rise to a false sense of security for women who use some forms of hormonal birth control.
PUBLISHED 3 HOURS AGO 20160216
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“By the time you receive this note I will have joined Erika,” a letter obtained by the
Durango Herald reads. “I consider it an honor to give my life to help save the lives of others.”
___________
There’s a
video, made last summer, in which 56 year old Karen Langhart approaches a podium in a conference room in San Antonio, Texas. She takes the microphone and, with a heavy sigh, faces the audience. She drops her hands to the edges of the lectern, takes a deep breath and lets it go. It is clear that what she is doing is an effort, and that she has done it many times before. She is weary - very weary - and you can tell that she is willing herself to go on. She raises her eyes from her notes and looks out at the room, sweeps her blonde hair behind her ears and puts her reading glasses on.
She sighs heavily again and sets a grim smile.
She thanks her hosts and says that she and her husband cannot convey how much they appreciate that the film which is about to premier is dedicated “to my beloved daughter Erika and all of the other women who have lost their lives to these dangerous drugs.” She is all but crying; not actually crying because she is all cried out and has been for a long, long time.
The independent film, Natural Love Stories, is about alternatives to hormonal contraception. It was dedicated to Erika Langhart because she died at the age of 24 from massive pulmonary embolisms. In November 2011, a blood clot traveled from Erika’s leg to her lungs and cut off the blood supply, causing a series of cardiac arrests that left her brain-dead by the time her parents made it to the hospital.
The doctor told them that she died because of a contraceptive she was using called NuvaRing.
Karen Langhart has told the story so many times to so many audiences since then that you’d think the rawness of it would subside. But it never did, it got worse with each telling and you can see from the video that this woman is coming apart, disintegrating before your eyes.
Without grasping the irony, Karen tells her audience that her daughter’s spirit was best captured in the Durango High School Yearbook dedication, which urged graduates to “Care more than others think wise, risk more than others think safe…”
Risk and safety, our perceptions of it as consumers, are at the core of this American family tragedy.
Karen, sniffling back the sadness that will soon drag her under, says that she appreciates the film because it gives women the information they need in order to make well-informed choices about birth control, and that she and her husband believe that if Erika had access to that information, she would be alive today.
***
As often happens with people whose lives are precipitously sheared in half by some sudden, incomprehensible and unacceptable tragedy, Karen became obsessed with righting the injustice of it all. The loss of a loved one through the carelessness or cunning of those entrusted with their health and safety is dealt with by taking action, transforming one’s life into a crusade. It is an effort - not to find “closure” because there can never be any such thing - but to do something with it, to channel the unstoppable flood of grief, pain and anger toward something else so that one can at least endure.
But it turns out to be less a crusade than an odyssey, with disorienting twists and turns that some people just aren’t equipped to survive.
The Langhart’s introduction to the Alice in Wonderland world of post-traumatic patient advocacy began with the discovery that the Food and Drug Administration would be holding scheduled hearings about the dangers of certain hormonal contraception within weeks of Erika’s death, but there would be no discussion about NuvaRing, nor would the Langharts be allowed to speak.
Wise counsel to their reflexive reaction that this is crazy, unfair, and makes no sense would have been to just get used to it, because you have entered a world where fairness, justice and common sense are more the exception than the rule.
***
Because clinical trials can only test products on a limited number of subjects, you really can’t get an idea of the full range or seriousness of unintended consequences of drugs or devices until they are used by hundreds of thousands of people.
The process of vetting a new medical product through the general public generally goes like this: If there is some latent defect, various dreadful side effects will be revealed over a period of several years with reports of hundreds of injuries and scores of deaths. At some point it starts to dawn on the medical community and the public that there’s a problem, a downside to the miracle drug. There will be news stories, lawsuits and government hearings. There will be protestations from the manufacturer that the risks are well-known and the product “has been shown to be safe and effective,” even as they settle lawsuits (stipulating confidential payouts and no admission of wrongdoing).
If they find a way to tinker with the product to reduce their legal exposure by eliminating undue risk, all the better.
But as long as the legal fees, settlements, and government fines can still be figured into the overhead and the product still turns a profit, it’s business as usual. (Ford Motor Company famously set the American standard for using cost-benefit analysis in deciding that the bottom line justified the immolation of a modest number of its customers.)
This is how it unfolded for pharmaceutical birth control - except that the profit motive has engendered a repeat of the whole cycle. And this time, in the era of deregulation and direct-to-consumer advertising, Big Pharma is in a much better position to deflect criticism and responsibility - and to keep selling the products.
***
Dr. Frits Rosendaal is a Professor at Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands. He heads the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, as well as the Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, and has written nearly 500 papers for international journals - which qualifies him as the world’s leading expert on the self-sealing aspects of the circulatory system.
“Coagulation is a complex system consisting of some 20 or more proteins, for it has to happen rapidly and be localized when necessary as in the case of a wound - but not otherwise - and it has to stop quickly afterwards,” Rosendaal says. “So, these proteins keep each other in a dynamic balance. This balance varies between people, and as with eye color there is variation. Some people are a bit tilted one way; they bleed more easily and clot a bit less easily, and some people tilt the other way. Those who tilt towards clotting will be more prone to develop thrombosis when they encounter a risk factor like cancer, extended air travel or hormonal contraception.”
Birth control drugs generally consist of a combination of an estrogen hormone and a synthetic form of progesterone. While this works to prevent conception, any tinkering with hormones is bound to effect other delicate systems of the body. The main repercussion of chemical contraception is its effect on the cascading factors that trigger the clotting action of blood.
The original pill, Enovid, loosed on a grateful generation of women in 1960, was launched with what turned out to be dangerously high doses of estrogen and progestin, which caused some women to develop serious blood clots. After more than ten years of side effects, deaths, corporate denials and FDA hearings, manufacturers finally reduced the amount of hormones in what became known as the second generation of pills.
The problems diminished and all was well, more or less, for a decade or so until two looming factors prodded drug manufacturers to mess with a good thing. For one thing, the market was pretty well saturated. There was a good-enough pill out there and those who wanted it took it, with little room for individual companies to increase market share. More importantly, while estrogen was not proprietary, patents on various versions of progestin would eventually expire, depriving companies of exclusive control for premium brands. This prompted development of third and fourth generation contraceptives. These were based on the same basic formula, but the progestin component was altered to include patentable derivations of the synthetic hormone. The other innovation made with an eye toward marketability was in delivery systems; the transdermal patch and the hormone-secreting vinyl ring.
The numbers, as usual, are contentious and undecipherable to all except practitioners of the dark art of statistical analysis, but they generally point to at least a doubling of the chances for dangerous blood clots for users of the third and fourth generation contraceptives, such as NuvaRing, the Ortho Nuva patch and pills such as Yaz and Yasmin.
As with the original version of the pill in the 1960’s, the adverse effects of the newer generation contraceptives have been revealed over several years as reports of injuries and deaths continued to mount.
***
With the intervention of their senator, John McCain, the Langhharts were given leave to speak at the FDA hearings about the dangers of the newer contraceptives.
The hearings were spread over two days. The first day’s discussion was given over to decide whether the benefits of pills which contained the fourth generation synthetic hormone drospirenone (DSRP) outweighed the risks. In other words, the question was whether birth control pills like Yaz and Yasmin, which pulled in $1.6 billion for Bayer Pharmaceuticals the year before, were too dangerous to stay on the market. The second day would be devoted to risks and benefits of the Ortho Evra contraceptive patch, which contains a third generation hormone, and what, if any, action was to be taken regarding that product.
The Yaz and Yasmin question was debated in the light of studies that had been submitted to the panel.
Three of the studies, funded by Bayer, found no additional risk from their product. Seven other studies, which had not been paid for by Bayer, all showed that the risks were indeed higher - significantly higher.
***
Dr. Diana Zuckerman went to Yale and did research at Harvard. She is President of the National Center for Health Research and a fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Center for Bioethics. She pointed out to the panel that the Bayer-funded studies had fraudulently misrepresented the dangers that Yaz and the other drugs posed from Venous thromboembolism (VTE) - which is what killed Erika Langhart. The panel, Zuckerman said, had been shown “some very specific examples where Bayer was misleading and misrepresenting” the risks of DSRP drugs relative to earlier generations of hormonal contraceptives.
Zuckerman was referring to
a report by former FDA Commissioner Dr. David Kessler which had been provided to the panel earlier in the week, but which the panel decided not to include in the discussion on technical grounds relating to a supposed missed deadline. Kessler’s report included excerpts from internal Bayer documents:
Compared to the three other OCs [oral contraceptives], Yasmin has a several fold increase in the reporting rates for DVT [deep vein thrombosis], PE [pulmonary embolism] and confirmed VTEs [venous thromboembolism].…When considering only serious AEs [adverse events], the reporting rate for Yasmin was 10 fold higher than that with the other products which were very similar in magnitude. [Emphasis added]
The panel heard from Cindy Rippe, whose daughter, Elizabeth, died from pulmonary embolisms after two months on Yasmin. Rippe gave the panel a little lecture about American exceptionalism when it comes to alerting women to the risks of DSRP drugs. “Australia warns, Canada warns, England warns. England tells their daughters that the totality of available evidence now clearly shows that the risk of venous thromboembolism for Yasmin is higher,” Rippe pointed out. “Higher. Not the same, not questionable, not unclear – higher.”
“If Elizabeth had been clearly warned that Yasmin had more risk – maybe twice as much risk as other pills – she never would have switched to Yasmin. Never,” she said. “And she would be alive today.”
They heard from Diane Ammons, a retired fifth grade teacher, who said “I am speaking for my daughter Anne today, since she is dead. She died because she trusted the U.S. medical system. She died because she took her FDA-approved medication as prescribed. DRSP killed our healthy, athletic daughter.”
Anne Ammons was a healthy, athletic young woman who died, not from blood clots, but dehydration and increased potassium levels, another risk of consuming DSRP. But her mother told the panel that “talking with anyone who would listen after Anne’s death, most women or someone they know has had a blood clot problem with drospirenone. It is not rare. That shocks us.”
The panel heard this from Joan Cummins:
“My daughter Michelle was an amazing young woman, vivacious, beautiful, accomplished. She was looked up to by her peers and cherished by her family. Michelle was extremely intelligent and was an exceptional student. At 18, she was just starting her freshman year at Elon University in North Carolina when she collapsed on her way to one of her morning classes on a day I will never forget, September 24, 2010. She was rushed to the hospital by paramedics, but died from cardiac arrest from a pulmonary embolism. My daughter was on Yaz.”
That these pills are on the market when older generation pills are available and just as effective “is worse than insanity,” Cummins said. “It is a sickness called greed. My daughter did not need Yaz. Bayer needed Yaz.”
***
There were 26 FDA panel members voting. The official in charge of such things declared that none of the voting members had a conflict of interest.
Dr. Sidney Wolfe, Director of Public Citizen’s Health Research Group, was a panel member. Wolfe had
called on the FDA to pull these drugs off the market in 2007 because of research showing that while the risk of these drugs is worse, they offer no clear advantage over earlier generation pills.
He was not allowed to vote due to “an intellectual conflict of interest.”
The panel voted 15 to 11 that the benefits of Yas, Yasmin and other DSRP contraceptives outweighed the risks.
It is important to note that those who voted “yes” did so mainly on the basis that even with these deaths and injuries, the overall risks of using hormonal contraceptives in general is relatively low. According to
birthcontrolsafety.org,
out of the nearly 11 million women who use the drugs, about 20,000 of them will develop blood clots and about 600 of these women will die. This, according to the medical establishment, means that hormonal contraceptives are “safe enough.”
Groups like Planned Parenthood and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists are OK with those odds as well. They and other proponents of leaving the newer generation drugs on the market often cite a statistic that the risks of VTE’s during pregnancy and the weeks post-partum are actually higher than when using contraceptives.
So, from that perspective, you’re much better off taking your chances with hormonal birth control than getting pregnant.
But Dru West, whose 29-year old daughter Julia died in the same way as Erika Langhart, says this reasoning is faulty. She and Joe Malone, whose daughter Brittany was 23 years old when she died after using NuvaRing, did some research and discovered that
in 2011, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more U.S. women died from pulmonary embolisms while using a combined hormonal contraceptive than while pregnant or postpartum.
Most of those who voted “no” on the newer drugs said they did so because of the reasons Dr. Wolfe laid out; that the newer contraceptives pose a greater risk compared with the older generation drugs - with no appreciable benefit. Michele Orza, a policy analyst at George Washington University and the consumer representative on the panel, said she “voted no because I could not perceive any additional benefits only with these drugs. And so any additional risk, even small - and I don’t think the risk is potentially as small as some people are suggesting; -even only a 50 percent increase would represent thousands of unnecessary VTEs.”
• • •
Dr. Zuckerman later told NPR that “In my opinion, absolutely, these drugs should not be on the market because there are safer alternatives.”
The panel did vote (21 to 5) to strengthen the label. The warning was buried in a 33 page document that was less than emphatic, advising users that “the FDA has concluded that drospirenone-containing birth control pills may be associated with a higher risk for blood clots than other progestin-containing pills.”
***
The next day’s hearings were devoted to the Ortho Evra contraceptive patch,
sold by a subsidiary of the notoriously corrupt Johnson & Johnson corporation. The patch does not contain DSRP, but does deliver
a much higher level of hormones.
A year before this meeting, NBC reported that “the company knew that users of the patch were 12 times more likely to suffer stroke and 18 times more likely to have blood clots than pill takers.”
It was after this discussion the the Langharts finally got to speak about their daughter and NuvaRing.
Rick Langhart spoke first: “On the Monday before Thanksgiving, we received a phone call from Erika’s boyfriend that something had happened to Erika and that he EMTs were at her apartment. She was heard screaming down the hall, screaming with the last breath she ever took on her own. The EMTs gave her CPR over the next hour and a half. She suffered three heart attacks, bringing the total to four. Unfortunately, the blood clot was so massive that it clogged her lungs. She never had a chance.”
It seems like Karen Langhart’s time expired just as she started to speak, but she was granted an additional two minutes, which she used to ask the panel: “Why are these third and fourth generation contraceptives prescribed to young women when they are known to have risks and there are safer second generation contraceptives out there? We believe that our daughter would still be alive had the third generation contraception not been prescribed to her. Why would you allow third and fourth generation contraception that shows no additional benefits when second generation contraception provides the ability for young women to not become pregnant as they desire?”
The experts weighed in pro and con, with Dr. Sidney Wolfe again restating that these newer generation contraceptives were much more risky and no more effective than existing birth control products and methods.
The panel voted 19-5 that the benefits of the patch outweighed the risks.
As with Yaz and Yasmin pills, they did vote to strengthen the warning label, which the J&J sales team took as yet another sharp blow. The new label changes were to be added to the dreaded “Black Box” warning which had been mandated in 2005 after reports of about two dozen
deaths and thousands of injuries. Contraceptives reaped more than $1 billion for Johnson & Johnson in 2005, but the salad days for the patch were effectively over. The following year’s bottom line would suffer, the company announced, due to “labeling changes and negative media coverage concerning product safety.”
(J&J made up for the loss with a twenty-fold increase in the price of contraceptives for Medicaid patients, throwing many Red States into a budget crisis.)
***
The purveyors of NuvaRing fully understood the effect of scary warning labels on sales.
The ring was developed by the Netherlands-based pharmaceutical company Organon, which was later bought by Schering-Plough, which was subsumed by Merck shortly afterward.
When the FDA assessed the product in 2001, a clinical trial reviewer
flagged the risk of thromboembolism, citing the fact that three young women had to drop out of the study because they developed blood clots. The reviewer recommended that the product label include that information.
Organon executives were having none of that.
Email exchanges recovered in the course of lawsuits reveal the executives’ reluctance to convey VTE risks to consumers. “We should really try to get it out of the text,” reads one missive from headquarters. There followed months of negotiation, in which various bits of clinical information were used as “bargaining chips.” Organon cited conflicting studies and
pointed out to the FDA that the clinical trials were really designed to test
efficacy - not safety. Regulators acquiesced and agreed to a label that proclaimed that it was “unkown” whether there was an increased risk of developing blood clots with NuvaRing.
The folks at Organon were still not satisfied and wondered internally “What are the chances that this section can be removed altogether?”
Dr. Susan Allen, the officer who oversaw the weakening of the label in negotiations for the FDA, later left the government and joined Merck, advising the company as to the best way to head off further efforts to strengthen it. Indeed, Merck succeeded in actually having the clot risk warning
weakened even more in 2013.
***
All that hard work paid off for shareholders of Nuvaring’s various parent companies. In 2005, when the FDA mandated the black box warning for the Ortho Evra patch,
Organon made sure that the people who wrote prescriptions knew all about it, and enthusiastically touted the supposed superior safety of the ring.
Because Organon was able to dodge the Black Box warning, sales of NuvaRing currently rake in $1 billion a year for Merck, while the Ortho Evra patch has faded from the marketplace.
The NuvaRing carries about the same risk for deep blood clots as the patch.
***
“I don’t understand why a company in the United States would allow that kind of product on the market,”
Rick Langhart told CNN. “It’s not the way Americans do business. And for them to do what they do in total disregard for what’s going on. It’s criminal to me.”
Unfortunately, Rick Langhart was learning that a lot of American medical and pharmaceutical companies do business this way.
For one thing,
the entire commercial infrastructure of life-altering American medical goods and services begins with clinical trials, which are generally rigged when it comes to reporting results of what’s safe and/or effective. The New York Times recently
reported on how drug makers often hide negative data on side effects. Organon, it was discovered during lawsuits,
hid negative data from the FDA concerning spikes in the amounts of hormones delivered by the NuvaRing, which is at the center of many of the safety complaints.
Johnson & Johnson likewise hid data regarding the dangers of the Ortho Evra patch.
Over the past 35 years, patients have suffered from a largely hidden epidemic of side effects from drugs that usually have few offsetting benefits. The pharmaceutical industry has corrupted the practice of medicine through its influence over what drugs are developed, how they are tested, and how medical knowledge is created. Since 1906, heavy commercial influence has compromised Congressional legislation to protect the public from unsafe drugs.
Those are just the nefarious doings on the R&D side of Big Pharma. The selling of the drugs constitutes its own catalog of crimes.
Organon USA’s sales force, for example, proved to be just as agile with ethics as its executives and scientists when it came to pushing NuvaRing. Journalist Ed Silverman
reported that Organon defrauded Medicaid by lying about prices and sales figures in an attempt to generate profits and corner the market.
They sold the NuvaRing to Planned Parenthood for $3 a piece, the price they reported to Medicaid. This enabled them to appear to be complying with Medicaid’s best pricing rule and avoid paying rebates. All other wholesalers paid $34.
In short, Organon essentially gave away NuvaRing and its other contraceptives hoping that young women who went to Planned Parenthood facilities would initially be given a low-cost form of birth control. And if the gambit worked, NuvaRing or any of the three pills could become the contraceptive of choice for countless women who could be expected to engage in family planning for the next 20 years or so.
Unlike in the United States, pharmaceutical
price gouging is illegal in Canada, so authorities there were not amused by Organon’s charging about $25 for NuvaRing instead of the $20 calculated by the government to be a fair price according to international standards. (The retail price in the US at the time was roughly double the international standard. Today, one NuvaRing will cost a young woman without insurance about $135 at Target.)
Perhaps the great irony in this story is that the Langharts come from solid Republican stock. Erika, who interned for Sen. John McCain on her way to earning a degree in Political Science from American University, would surely have opposed the presidential efforts of Sen. Bernie Sanders, who recently
said of drug companies, “They are getting away with murder, and in some cases they are committing murder.”
***
Having won the battle with the FDA to eliminate the negative
, NuvaRing’s makers launched an advertising campaign to accentuate the positive. If they held true to form,
they would spend up to twice as much money marketing the product than they did on research and development.
A big part of that effort would have gone to lavishing attention on obstetricians and gynecologists - providing free samples and pamphlets as well as recruiting some doctors as “consultants” or “advocates”. Dr. Paula Hillard, professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Stanford University School of Medicine, was
cultivated by Bayer, the makers of Yaz, as “a Key Opinion Leader” and “Yasmine Advocate.” Why all the attention? Hillard was a member of the FDA panel that voted to keep Bayer’s products on the market in 2011. Dr. Julia Johnson, Dr. Anne Burke and Dr. Elizabeth Raymond are also
OB/GYNs with ties to Bayer who determined that - to them at least - the benefits of Yaz and Yasmin outweighed the risks.
The following year, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) officially took a dim view of such goings on in the form of an updated
ethics statement, in which they note that “interactions with industry carry some expectations of reciprocity” and physicians “are unable to remain objective.”
The reasons that doctors give out these samples seem obvious: about 94% of the ACOG docs who distributed drug samples to their patients told researchers that they did so because of patients’ financial need and for convenience (76%). Some doctors cite the usefulness of letting a patient try out a short trial of a new drug to observe potential side effects or efficacy. “But fewer docs list the reason as “physicians’ knowledge about the drug” – in other words, they did not know whether or not the sample product was the most appropriate treatment (63%).”
***
NuvaRing’s maker was also a shameless practitioner of product placement, positioning NuvaRing posters in the backgrounds of scenes in popular television shows like Grey’s Anatomy and Scrubs.
“- Rhetorical question: The ad begins with the question “Tired of your old birth control routine?”
- Symbols: The black and white scenes, one piece swimsuits, and swim caps are all used to symbolize “old” birth control, while color scenes, two piece swimsuits, and freed hair are used to symbolize “new” birth control.
- Beautiful People: The commercial uses female models.
- Simple Solution: This product can transform someone’s life simply by its use.
- Maybe: The narrator lists a series of health risks associated with the product and says the product “might not be right for everybody.”
- Diversion: While the health risks are being presented verbally, strong, colorful images and symbols are used visually to draw attention away from what some viewers may be hearing, and possibly even override what some viewers may be hearing.
The marketing is a stark illustration of how the risks of the product are downplayed to young women, who of course are invincible and much more receptive to the overwhelming choice, convenience, and lifestyle pitches.
The message which is not conveyed to the users of NuvaRing and other contraceptives that use later generation progestens is that while the risks are relatively small, they are real and they do happen - and by choosing this product over that one, you are doubling or tripling that risk.
Dr. Frits Rosendaal compares it to using seat belts. There’s always a risk when you get on the road, and the chances are on any given day that you will not be involved in an accident. But why would you not choose the behavior that carries the lowest risk?
***
The Langharts channeled their energy toward educating the public about the dangers of NuvaRing and the other late generation hormonal contraceptives. They started a foundation,
Informed Choice for Amerika. They gave interviews, made the rounds on Capitol Hill and spoke to various groups.
In addition to working to prevent the deaths of other young women, Karen and Rick were determined to seek justice for Erika. In suing Merck for the wrongful death of their daughter, they were not interested in monetary damages. They wanted to hold the company accountable, to have them admit responsibility and to remove the product from the market.
“That’s what we are going to do the rest of our lives. That’s kind of what we’ve got left,” Rick Langhart
told AZFamily.com.
As the number of lawsuits mounted, they were consolidated into a class action suit, which Merck agreed to settle in 2014 for $100 million. About 3,800 women who were injured by the NuvaRing agreed to the settlement, which came to about $10,000 per person after legal fees. The Langharts rejected the settlement, as Merck would not have to admit to any wrongdoing and NuvaRing would stay on the market. Merck, said Rick Langhart, would be “literally getting away with murder.”
One hundred million dollars is really nothing compared to most settlements made by pharmaceutical companies that are sued for causing deaths and injuries. Fines can run into the
billions of dollars.
Experts say that one of the reasons the case against Merck was not stronger was because of the warning label change in 2013. If they had been forced to put a black box warning on the label concerning the risk of clotting after so many adverse events, the legal case of the victims would have been that much stronger.
The Langharts pressed on - without their erstwhile crusading lawyer who had crunched the cold hard numbers and realized that, under the circumstances, with the class action suit settled, he had taken the case as far as it would go. Their lawyers, whom they believed would get their story before a jury, had effectively stopped working on the case after they refused the settlement offer. Their lawyers officially withdrew on July 25th, 2015, four days after Karen took the podium in San Antonio to thank the makers of Natural Love Stories for dedicating the film to Erika.
She told the group then that she knew that her case was over.
***
Last year, Karen told the
Durango Herald that pursuing justice was painful, and she was nearly out of hope.
In September 2015, about six weeks after the talk at the Natural Love Stories premier, a San Francisco Superior Court dismissed their case. Through four years of heartbreak, anger and grief, Karen Langhart had looked toward that day when her dead daughter would have her day in court. But it was now officially not to be.
“To have that happen to our daughter, and have this happen on top of it, it’s hard to get up in the morning,” Karen Langhart told the Herald.
She
posted on a blog: “It is our greatest hope, with what remains of our lives, to fulfill our goal of making a difference in the lives of others by helping to inform women about
the dangers of not only the NuvaRing; but all hormonal contraceptive drugs — the pill, patch, ring and implants. We believe women deserve to be informed of the full truth about these powerful drugs.” What remained of Karen’s life was 98 days.
On January 7, 2015, she took her own life.
In 2011, the year that Erika Langhart died, Dr. Graham Dukes
wrote in an essay about hormonal contraceptives that
“It would seem that the move to the third generation was a matter of patents, profits and prices, no more than that.”
###
https://www.beaconreader.com/dan-walter/safe-enough
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